GOLDEN RATIO 

The golden ratio (symbol is the Greek letter "phi" shown below) is a special number approximately equal to 1.618. 

φ

This ratio has been heralded as the most beautiful ratio in art and architecture. 

Take a line segment and divide it into two smaller segments such that the ratio of the whole line segment (a+b) to segment a is the same as the ratio of segment a to the segment b.

This gives the proportion 

(a + b)/a  =  a/b

Notice that ‘a’ is the geometric mean of (a + b) and b.

And also, 

(a + b)/a  =  a/b  ≈  1.618  =  φ

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