Two expressions are equivalent, if they are equal in value, when we plug the same value for the variable which exists in the expressions.
One way to test whether two expressions might be equivalent is to evaluate them for the same value of the variable.
Example 1 :
Check whether the two expressions given below are equivalent for x = 3.
1 + 5x, 5x + 1
Solution :
Expression : 1 + 5x
Substitute x = 3.
1 + 5(3)
Multiply
1 + 15
Add
16 ------ (1)
Expression : 5x + 1
Substitute x = 3.
5(3) + 1
Multiply
15 + 1
Add
16 ------ (1)
From (1) and (2), we get equal values for the given two expressions, when x = 3.
Hence, the given two expressions are equivalent.
Example 2 :
Check whether the two expressions given below are equivalent for x = 3.
5x + 65, 5(13 + x)
Solution :
Expression : 5x + 65
Substitute x = 3.
5(3) + 65
Multiply
15 + 65
Add
80 ------ (1)
Expression : 5(13 + x)
Substitute x = 3.
5(13 + 3)
Add
5(16)
Multiply
80 ------(2)
From (1) and (2), we get equal values for the given two expressions, when x = 3.
Hence, the given two expressions are equivalent.
Example 3 :
Check whether the two expressions given below are equivalent for x = 3.
5(x + 1), 5x + 5
Solution :
Expression : 5(x + 1)
Substitute x = 3.
5(3 + 1)
Add
5(4)
Multiply
20 ------ (1)
Expression : 5x + 5
Substitute x = 3.
5(3) + 5
Multiply
15 + 5
Add
20 ------(2)
From (1) and (2), we get equal values for the given two expressions, when x = 3.
Hence, the given two expressions are equivalent.
Example 4 :
Check whether the two expressions given below are equivalent for all real values.
2x, x2
Solution :
When we plug x = 2,
2x = 2(2) = 4
and
x2 = 22 = 4
From the above working, it is clear that the given two expressions are equivalent when x = 2.
Now, let us try some other different real value for x, say x = 3.
Substitute x = 3 into the given two expressions.
2x = 2(3) = 6
and
x2 = 32 = 9
For the real value "2", the given two expressions are equivalent.
But, for the real value "3", the given two expressions are not equivalent.
Therefore, the two expressions 2x and x2 are not equivalent for all real values.
Note :
Two expressions are equivalent for all real values, if they are equal in value for all real values.
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