AREA OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF TRIANGLES

Example 1 :

Find the area of the equilateral triangle having the side length 10 cm.

Solution :

Formula for area of equilateral triangle is 

= (√3/4)a²

Substitute 10 for a.

= (√3/4)(10)²

= (√3/4) x (10) x (10)

= (√3) x (5) x (5)

= 25 √3 cm²

Example 2 :

The altitude drawn to the base of an isosceles triangles is 8 cm and the perimeter is 32 cm. Find the area of the triangle.

Solution :

Let ABC be the isosceles triangle and AD be the altitude as shown below. 

Because the triangle is isosceles, the length of two sides will be equal and the altitude bisects the base of the triangle.

Let AB = AC = x cm.

Perimeter of triangle ABC = 32 cm

AB + BC + CA = 32

x +  BC + x = 32

BC = 32 - 2x -----(1)

DC = BC/2

DC = (32 - 2x)/2

DC = 16 - x

In right triangle ADC,

AC² = AD² + DC²

x² = 8² + (16 - x)²

x² = 64 + 16²  + x² - 32x

32x = 64 + 256

32x = 320

x = 10 cm

(1)-----> BC = 32 - 2(10)

BC = 32 - 20

BC = 12 cm

Area of triangle ABC = (1/2) x (bh)

= (1/2) x (12 x 8)

= 48 cm²

Example 3 :

Find the area of the scalene triangle whose side lengths are 12 cm, 18 cm and 20 cm.

Solution :

Because the lengths of the three sides are different, the triangle is scalene triangle. 

S = (a + b + c)/2

Substitute a = 1, b = 18 and c = 20. 

S = (12 + 18 + 20)/2

S = 50/2

S = 25

Formula for area of scalene triangle : 

= √[s(s - a)(s - b)(s - c)]

Substitute. 

= √[25 x (25 - 12) x (25 - 18) x (25 - 20)]

= √(25 x 13 x 7 x 5)

= 5√455 cm²

Example 4 :

The sides of a triangle are 12 cm, 16 cm and 20 cm. Find the altitude to the longest side.

Solution :

In order to find the altitude to the longest side of a triangle, first we have to find the area of the triangle.

S = (a + b + c)/2

Substitute a = 12, b = 16 and c = 20. 

S = (12 + 16 + 20)/2

S = 48/2

S = 24

Formula for area of scalene triangle : 

= √[s(s - a)(s - b)(s - c)]

Substitute. 

= √[24 x (24 - 12) x (24 - 16) x (24 - 20)]

= √(24 x 12 x 8 x 4)

= 96 cm²

Because we want to find the altitude to the longest side, the longest side will be the base of the triangle as shown below.

Here, the longest side is 20 cm.

Area of the above triangle = 96 cm²

(1/2) x 20 x h = 96

10h = 96

Divide each side by 10.

h = 9.6

So, the altitude to the longest side is 9.6 cm.

Example 5 :

Area of a triangle is 1176 cm². If its base and corresponding altitude are in the ratio 3 : 4, then find the the altitude of the triangle.

Solution :

From the given information,

base of the triangle = 3x 

altitude = 4x

area of the triangle = 1176

(1/2) x (3x) x (4x) = 1176

6x² = 1176

Divide each side by 6.

x² = 196

x = 14

Altitude of the triangle = 4x = 4(14) = 56 cm

Example 6 :

The sides of a triangle are in the ratio (1/2) : (1/3) : (1/4). If the perimeter is 52 cm, then find the length of the smallest side.

Solution :

From the given information, the sides the triangle are

x/2, x/3 and x/4

Perimeter of the triangle = 52 cm.

(x/2) + (x/3) + (x/4) = 52

(6x + 4x + 3x)/12 = 52

13x/12 = 52

13x = 624

x = 48

Then, 

x/2 = 24

x/3 = 16

x/4  =  12

So, the length of smallest side is 12 cm.

Example 7 :

The area of the triangle is 216 cm² and the sides are in the ratio 3 : 4 : 5. Find the perimeter of the triangle.

Solution :

From the given information, the sides the triangle are

3x, 4x and 5x

S = (3x + 4x + 5x)/2

S = 6x

Area of the triangle = 216 cm²_.

√[s(s - a)(s - b)(s - c)] = 216

√[6x(6x - 3x)(6x - 4x)(6x - 5x)] = 216

√[6x(3x)(2x(x] = 216

√(36x⁴) = 216

6x² = 216

x² = 36

x = 6

Then,

3x = 18

4x = 24

5x = 30

Perimeter of the triangle is 

= 18 + 24 + 30

= 72 cm

Example 8 :

One side of a right angle triangle is twice the other, and the hypotenuse is 10 cm. Find the area of the triangle.

Solution :

Let x be the length of one of the legs of the triangle.

Then, the length of the other leg is 2x. 

Using Pythagorean theorem, 

x² + (2x)² = 10²

x² + 4x² = 100

5x² = 100

x² = 20

√x² = √20

x = √(4 x 5)

x = 2√5

Then, 

2x = 2(2√5)

2x = 4√5

Area of triangle is 

= (1/2)(x) (2x)

= (1/2)(2√5)(4√5)

= 20 cm²

Example 9 :

If the perimeter of the isosceles right triangle is (6 + 3√2) cm, then find the area of the triangle.

Solution :

Because the given triangle is isosceles right triangle, the length of two sides will be equal.

Let x be the length of one of the two equal sides and 'y' be the length of the hypotenuse. 

Using Pythagorean theorem, 

y² = x² + x²

y² = 2x²

√y² = √(2x²)

y = √2x -----(1)

Perimeter of the triangle = 6 + 3√2.

x + x + y = 6 + 3√2

2x + y = 6 + 3√2

Substitute √2x for y. 

2x + √2x = 6 + 3√2

x(2 + √2) = 3(2 + √2)

x = 3

Area of triangle is 

= (1/2)(x) (x)

= (1/2)(3)(3)

= 4.5 cm²

Example 10 :

If the area of the equilateral triangle is 24√3 square cm, then find its perimeter.

Solution :

Area of equilateral triangle =24√3 cm².

(√3/4) a² = 24√3

a²/4 = 24

a² = 96

√a² = √96

a = √(16 x 6)

a = 4√6

Formula for perimeter of an equilateral triangle is

= 3a

Substitute a = 4√6. 

= 3(4√6)

= 12√6 cm

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