Here we are going to see some example problems on probability.
The word odds is frequently used in probability and statistics. Odds relate the chances in favour of an event A to the chances against it. Suppose a represents the number of ways that an event can occur and b represents the number of ways that the event can fail to occur.
The odds of an event A are a : b in favour of an event and
P(A) = a / (a + b)
Further, it may be noted that the odds are a : b in favour of an event is the same as to say that the odds are b : a against the event.
If the probability of an event is p , then the odds in favour of its occurrence are p to (1− p) and the odds against its occurrence are (1− p) to p .
Example 1 :
A cricket club has 16 members, of whom only 5 can bowl. What is the probability that in a team of 11 members at least 3 bowlers are selected?
Solution :
Number of members in a club = 16
= 11 batsman + 5 bowlers
At least 3 bowlers mean, we may select 3 bowlers, 4 bowlers and 5 bowlers.
Probability of getting 3 bowlers and 8 bats man
= (5C3 ⋅ 11C8) / 16C11 --------(1)
Probability of getting 4 bowlers and 5 bats man
= (5C4 ⋅ 11C7) / 16C11 --------(2)
Probability of getting 5 bowlers and 6 bats man
= (5C5 ⋅ 11C6) / 16C11 --------(3)
(1) + (2) + (3)
= (1650 + 1650 + 462) / 4368
= 3762/4368
= 627/728
Example 2 :
(i) The odds that the event A occurs is 5 to 7, find P(A).
(ii) Suppose P(B) = 2/5. Express the odds that the event B occurs.
Solution :
(i) P(A) = a/(a+b)
= 5/(5+7)
= 5/12
(ii) Suppose P(B) = 2/5. Express the odds that the event B occurs.
Note :
If the probability of an event is p , then the odds in favour of its occurrence are p to (1− p).
By using the point given in note, we may find the answer.
= (2/5) to 1 - (2/5)
= (2/5) to (3/5)
= 2 to 3.
So, the answer is 2 to 3.
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