Adding Rational Numbers with Same Denominator :
To add two or more rational numbers with same denominator, we have to take the denominator once in common and add the numerators.
Example :
Simplify : ⅕ + ⅖.
Adding Rational Numbers with Different Denominators :
To add two or more rational numbers with different denominators, we have to follow the steps given below.
Step 1 :
Find the least common multiple of the denominators.
Step 2 :
Make the denominators same using least common multiple and multiplication.
Step 3 :
Take the denominator once in common and add the numerators.
Example :
Simplify : ¼ + ⅙.
Least common multiple of (4, 6) = 12
Multiply the numerator and denominator of the first rational number by 3 to get the denominator 12.
Multiply the numerator and denominator of the second rational number by 2 to get the denominator 12.
Subtracting Rational Numbers with Same Denominator :
To subtract two rational numbers with same denominator, we have to take the denominator once in common and subtract the numerators.
Example :
Simplify : ⅖ - ⅕.
Subtracting Rational Numbers with Different Denominators :
To subtract two rational numbers with different denominators, we have to follow the steps given below.
Step 1 :
Find the least common multiple of the denominators.
Step 2 :
Make the denominators same using least common multiple and multiplication.
Step 3 :
Take the denominator once in common and subtract the numerators.
Example :
Simplify : ⅙ - ⅛.
Least common multiple of (6, 8) = 24
Multiply the numerator and denominator of the first rational number by 4 to get the denominator 24.
Multiply the numerator and denominator of the second rational number by 3 to get the denominator 24.
To multiply two or more rational numbers, we have to follow the steps given below.
Step 1 :
Simply any numerator with any denominator as much as possible.
Step 2 :
After simplification in step 1, multiply the numerator by numerator and denominator by denominator.
Example :
Simplify : ⅚ x ¹⁸⁄₂₅.
To divide two rational numbers, we have to follow the steps given below.
Step 1 :
Change the division as multiplication and take the reciprocal for the second rational number.
Step 2 :
Simply any numerator with any denominator as much as possible.
Step 2 :
After simplification in step 2, multiply the numerator by numerator and denominator by denominator.
Example :
Simplify : ⅔ ÷ ⁸⁄₁₅.
(i) Distributive Property of Multiplication Over Addition :
Multiplication of rational numbers is distributive over addition.
Example :
Simplify : ⅓ x (⅖ + ⅕).
(ii) Distributive Property of Multiplication Over Subtraction :
Multiplication of rational numbers is distributive over subtraction.
Example :
Simplify : ⅓ x (⅖ - ⅕).
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