Limitations of statistics :
Before applying statistical methods, we must be aware of the following limitations :
1. Statistics deals with the aggregates. An individual, to a statistician has no significance except the fact that it is a part of the aggregate.
2. Statistics is concerned with quantitative data. However, qualitative data also can be converted to quantitative data by providing a numerical description to the corresponding qualitative data.
3. Future projections of sales, production, price and quantity etc. are possible under a specific set of conditions. If any of these conditions is violated, projections are likely to be inaccurate.
4. The theory of statistical inferences is built upon random sampling. If the rules for random sampling are not strictly adhered to, the conclusion drawn on the basis of these unrepresentative samples would be erroneous. In other words, the experts should be consulted before deciding the sampling scheme.
Apart from the above limitations, now let us discuss the applications of statistics.
Among various applications of statistics, let us confine our discussions in the following fields.
Now, let us discuss the application of statistics in the above fields in detail.
Modern developments in Economics have the roots in statistics. In fact, Economics and Statistics are closely associated.
Time Series Analysis , Index Numbers, Demand Analysis etc. are some overlapping areas of Economics and statistics. In this connection, we may also mention Econometrics – a branch of Economics that interact with statistics in a very positive way.
Conducting socio-economic surveys and analysing the data derived from it are made with the help of different statistical methods.
Regression analysis, one of the numerous applications of
statistics, plays a key role in Economics for making future projection of demand of goods, sales, prices, quantities etc. which are all ingredients of Economic planning.
Gone are the days when the managers used to make decisions on the basis of hunches, intuition or trials and errors.
Now a days, because of the never-ending complexity in the business and industry environment, most of the decision making processes rely upon different quantitative techniques which could be described as a combination of statistical methods and operations research techniques.
So far as statistics is concerned, inferences about the universe from the knowledge of a part of it, known as sample, plays an important role in the development of certain criteria.
Statistical decision theory is another component of statistics that focuses on the analysis of complicated business strategies with a list of alternatives – their merits as well as demerits.
In this age of cut-throat competition, like the modern managers, the industrialists and the businessmen are expanding their horizons of industries and businesses with the help of statistical procedures.
Data on previous sales, raw materials, wages and salaries, products of identical nature of other factories etc are collected, analysed and experts are consulted in order to maximise profits.
Measures of central tendency and dispersion, correlation and regression analysis, time series analysis, index numbers, sampling, statistical quality control are some of the statistical methods employed in commerce and industry.
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WORD PROBLEMS
HCF and LCM word problems
Word problems on simple equations
Word problems on linear equations
Word problems on quadratic equations
Area and perimeter word problems
Word problems on direct variation and inverse variation
Word problems on comparing rates
Converting customary units word problems
Converting metric units word problems
Word problems on simple interest
Word problems on compound interest
Word problems on types of angles
Complementary and supplementary angles word problems
Markup and markdown word problems
Word problems on mixed fractrions
One step equation word problems
Linear inequalities word problems
Ratio and proportion word problems
Word problems on sets and venn diagrams
Pythagorean theorem word problems
Percent of a number word problems
Word problems on constant speed
Word problems on average speed
Word problems on sum of the angles of a triangle is 180 degree
OTHER TOPICS
Time, speed and distance shortcuts
Ratio and proportion shortcuts
Domain and range of rational functions
Domain and range of rational functions with holes
Graphing rational functions with holes
Converting repeating decimals in to fractions
Decimal representation of rational numbers
Finding square root using long division
L.C.M method to solve time and work problems
Translating the word problems in to algebraic expressions
Remainder when 2 power 256 is divided by 17
Remainder when 17 power 23 is divided by 16
Sum of all three digit numbers divisible by 6
Sum of all three digit numbers divisible by 7
Sum of all three digit numbers divisible by 8
Sum of all three digit numbers formed using 1, 3, 4
Sum of all three four digit numbers formed with non zero digits