DRAWING PIE CHART

Here, we take a circle and the whole circle is divided into sectors. The size of each sector is proportional to the activity or information it represents.

Since, the sectors resemble the slices of a pie, it is called a pie chart. 

Construction of pie chart - Important note

In a pie chart, the various observations or components are represented by the sectors of a circle and the whole circle represents the sum of the value of all the components .Clearly, the total angle of 360° at the center of the circle is divided according to the values of the components .

The central angle of a component is

=  [ Value of the component  /  Total value] x 360°

Sometimes, the value of the components are expressed in percentages. In such cases,

The central angle of a component is

=  [ Percentage value of the component  /  100 ] x 360°

Steps for construction of pie chart

Step 1 :

Calculate the central angle for each component , using the above formula.

Step 2 :

Draw a circle of convenient radius.

Step 3 :

Within this circle, draw a horizontal radius.

Step 4 :

Draw radius making central angle of first component with horizontal radius; this sector represents the first component. From this radius, draw next radius with central angle of second component; this sector represents second component and so on, until we exhaust all components.

Step 5 : 

Shade each sector differently and mark the component it represents.

Step 6 : 

Give the heading for each component.

Construction of pie chart - Examples

Example 1 :

The following table shows the half yearly budget of a family

Particulars

Food 

House rent

Clothing

Education

Savings

Miscellaneous

Expenses (in $)

4800

2400

1600

800

1000

1400

Draw a pie chart to represent the above information.

Solution :

The central angle of a component is

=  [ Value of the component  /  Total value] x 360°

We may calculate the central angles for various components as follows :

Particulars

Food 


House rent


Clothing


Education


Savings


Miscellaneous

------------

Total

Expenses

4800


2400


1600


800


1000


1400

----------

12000

Central angle

(4800/12000) ⋅ 360

  =  144°

(2400/12000) ⋅ 360

  =  72°

(1600/12000) ⋅ 360

  =  48°

(800/12000) ⋅ 360

  =  24°

(1000/12000) ⋅ 360

  =  30°

(1400/12000) ⋅ 360

  =  42°

From the above table, clearly, we obtain the required pie chart as shown below.

Example 2 : 

The number of hours spent by a school student on various activities on a working day, is given below. Construct a pie chart using the angle measurement.

Activity

Sleep

School

Play

Homework

Others

Number of hours

8

6

3

3

4

Draw a pie chart to represent the above information.

Solution :

The central angle of a component is

=  [ Value of the component  /  Total value] x 360°

We may calculate the central angles for various components as follows :

Activity

Sleep


School


Play


Homework


Others


-----------

Total

Duration in hours

8


6


3


3


4


----------

24

Central angle

(8/24) ⋅ 360

  =  120°

(6/24) ⋅ 360

  =  90°

(3/24) ⋅ 360

  =  45°

(3/24) ⋅ 360

  =  45°

(4/24) ⋅ 360

  =  60°


360°

From the above table, clearly, we obtain the required pie chart as shown below.

Example 3 : 

The result of an examination of a school is as follows :

Result

Passed in first class

Passed in second class

Passed in third class

Failed

Percentage of students

25%

35%

30%

10%

Draw a pie chart to represent the above information.

Solution :

The central angle of a component is

=  [ Value of the component  /  100 ] x 360°

We may calculate the central angles for various components as follows :

Result

Passed in first class


Passed in second class

Passed in third class


Failed

----------

Total

Percentage of students

25%


35%


30%


10%

-----------

100%

Central angle

(25/100) ⋅ 360

  =  90°

(35/100) ⋅ 360

  =  126°

(30/100) ⋅ 360

  =  108°

(10/100) ⋅ 360

  =  36°

-------------

360°

From the above table, clearly, we obtain the required pie chart as shown below.

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