HOW TO MULTIPLY AND DIVIDE COMPLEX NUMBERS

How to Multiply and Divide Complex Numbers ?

In this section, we will see how to multiply and divide complex numbers.

Example 1 :

Multiply the following complex numbers

(2 + 3i) (4 - 7i)

Solution :

(2 + 3i) (4 - 7i)  =  2(4) + 2(-7i) + 4(3i) + 3i(-7i)

  =  8 - 14i + 12i - 21i²

  =  8 - 2i - 21(-1)

  =  8 - 2i + 21

  =  29 - 2i

Example 2 :

Multiply the following complex numbers

(4 - 2i) (3 - 5i)

Solution :

(4 - 2i) (3 - 5i)  =  4(3) + 4(-5i) + 3(-2i) - 2i(-5i)

  =  12 - 20i - 6i + 10i²

  =  12 - 26i + 10(-1)

  =  12 - 10 - 26i

  =  2 - 26i

Example 3 :

Multiply the following complex numbers

(-5 + 3i)(-2 + i)

Solution :

(-5 + 3i)(-2 + i)  =  -5(-2) - 5(i) + 3i(-2) + 3i(i)

=  10 - 5i - 6i + 3i²

=  10 - 11i + 3(-1)

=  10 - 3 - 11i

  =  7 - 11i

Example 4 :

Multiply the following complex numbers

(3 - i) (8 + 7i)

Solution :

(3 - i) (8 + 7i)  =  3(8) + 3(7i) - i(8) - i(7i)

=  24 + 21i - 8i - 7i²

=  24 + 13i - 7(-1)

=  24 + 13i + 7

=  31 + 13i 

Example 5 :

Divide the complex number (3 + 2i) by (2 + 4i)

Solution :

(3 + 2i) by (2 + 4i)  =  (3 + 2i)/(2 + 4i)

Whenever we have complex numbers in the denominator, we have to multiply the numerator and denominator by the conjugate of the denominator of the given complex number.

  =  [(3 + 2i)/(2 + 4i)] ⋅[(2 - 4i)/(2 - 4i)]

  =  [(3 + 2i)(2 - 4i)/(2 + 4i) (2 - 4i)]

Multiplying the numerator, we get

(3 + 2i)(2 - 4i)  =  3(2) + 3(-i) + 2i(2) + 2i(-4i)

  =  6 - 3i + 4i - 8i²

  =  6 - 8(-1) + i

  =  6 + 8 + i

  =  14 + i

Multiplying the denominator, we get

(2 + 4i) (2 - 4i)  =  2(2) + 2(-4i) + 4i(2) + 4i(-4i)

  =  4 - 8i + 8i - 16i²

  =  4 - 16(-1)

  =  4 + 16

  =  20

 (3 + 2i)/(2 + 4i)  =  (14 + i)/20

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